Bidisperse beds sheared by viscous fluids: Grain segregation and bed hardening

Abstract

When a granular bed is sheared by a fluid that flows above a critical limit, it undergoes a complex motion that varies along time: it can contain fluid- (bedload) and solid-like (creep) regions, being prone to strain hardening and, in the case of polydispersity, segregation. In this paper, we investigate experimentally the short- and long-time evolution of a bidisperse bed sheared by a viscous liquid. Different from previous experiments, the density ratio between grains and fluid is 2.7, close to values found in rivers and oceans. We show the existence of diffusive, advective, and constrained regions, that most of segregation occurs during the very first stages of the flow, and that bed hardening becomes stronger while bedload and creep weaken along time. We obtain the segregation rates, their evolution along time, their variation with the applied shearing, and the time evolution of creeping and bedload. Finally, we propose characteristic times for the segregation of large particles and bed hardening. Our results shed light on the complex motion of sheared beds existing in nature, such as river beds and creeping lands.