Development of a toroidally resolved broadband ECE imaging system for measurement of turbulent fluctuations on the KSTAR

Abstract

The two electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) systems installed at adjacent ports (G and H) on the KSTAR tokamak incorporate large-aperture mm-wave optics, broadband electronics, and high speed digitization (up to 1 MSa/s) for 2D and quasi-3D visualization of MHD-scale fluid dynamics. Recently, the ECEI systems have been proved to be capable of visualization of smaller scale fluctuations albeit with a limited spatiotemporal resolution and even capable of measurement of ion cyclotron harmonic waves by direct high-speed sampling of the ECE IF signals. A four-channel prototype subsystem with a higher sampling rate up to 16 GS/s has been integrated into the G-port ECEI system, enabling the measurement of plasma waves in the GHz range in the form of modulated ECE signals and characterization of high-frequency turbulence during the evolution of pedestal. To achieve higher toroidal resolution in the turbulence measurement, the H-port ECEI system is now being upgraded to have a toroidally dual detector array of 2(toroidal) × 12(vertical) × 8(radial) channel configuration and a high-speed subsystem of 2(toroidal) × 4 channel configuration. The new mm-wave optics has been designed via beam propagation simulation, and the measured performance of the fabricated lens indicates a toroidal resolution of 8–10 cm depending on the focus position and zoom factor, allowing for the measurement of parallel wavenumber up to k‖ ∼ 0.8 cm−1.