Millikelvin confocal microscope with free-space access and high-frequency electrical control

Author:

Descamps Thomas1ORCID,Liu Feng1ORCID,Hangleiter Tobias1ORCID,Kindel Sebastian1ORCID,Kardynał Beata E.23ORCID,Bluhm Hendrik1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. JARA-FIT Institute Quantum Information, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University 1 , 52074 Aachen, Germany

2. Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 2 , 52425 Jülich, Germany

3. Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University 3 , 52074 Aachen, Germany

Abstract

Cryogenic confocal microscopy is a powerful method for studying solid state quantum devices such as single photon sources and optically controlled qubits. While the vast majority of such studies have been conducted at temperatures of a few Kelvin, experiments involving fragile quantum effects often require lower operating temperatures. To also allow for electrical dynamic control, microwave connectivity is required. For polarization-sensitive studies, free space optical access is advantageous compared to fiber coupling. Here we present a confocal microscope in a dilution refrigerator providing all the above features at temperatures below 100 mK. The installed high frequency cabling meets the requirements for state-of-the-art spin qubit experiments. As another unique advantage of our system, the sample fitting inside a large puck can be exchanged while keeping the cryostat cold with minimal realignment. Assessing the performance of the instrument, we demonstrate confocal imaging, sub-nanosecond modulation of the emission wavelength of a suitable sample, and an electron temperature of 76 mK. While the instrument was constructed primarily with the development of optical interfaces to electrically controlled qubits in mind, it can be used for many experiments involving quantum transport, solid state quantum optics, and microwave-optical transducers.

Funder

HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Publisher

AIP Publishing

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