1. For a recent analysis of this issue, see, e.g. T. R. Weikl and R. Lipowsky inAdvances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes, edited by A. L. Liu (Elsevier, New York, 2007), Vol. 5, pp. 64–127.
2. Membrane fusion
3. Synaptic vesicle fusion
4. Viral membrane fusion
5. For a review see, e.g. K. Arnold, inHandbook of Biological Physics, edited by R. Lipowsky and E. Sackmann (Elsevier, New York, 1995), Vol. 1, pp. 903–957.