Recent advances and future outlook in mode-locked lasers with multimode fibers

Author:

Fu Bo12ORCID,Shang Ce3ORCID,Liu Hengyu4ORCID,Fan Shuzheng4,Zhao Kangjun5,Zhang Yule6,Wageh Swelm7ORCID,Al-Ghamdi Ahmed7ORCID,Wang Xiaogang2ORCID,Xu Lijun1ORCID,Xiao Xiaosheng4ORCID,Zhang Han6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University 1 , Beijing 100191, China

2. Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University 2 , Beijing 100191, China

3. School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University 3 , Beijing 100191, China

4. State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 4 , Beijing 100876, China

5. State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University 5 , Beijing 100084, China

6. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University 6 , Shenzhen 518060, China

7. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University 7 , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Multimode fibers (MMFs) have attracted interest because of their larger mode area and additional spatial degrees of freedom compared with single-mode fibers. Recently, MMFs have been introduced into mode-locked lasers for new cavity structures with better laser performance. Among these lasers, there are two remarkable cases in which MMFs are the key components for mode-locking: One is using a short segment of the MMF as a saturable absorber (SA), which has the advantages of high damage threshold, wide operating bandwidth, and low cost. The other is the construction of multimode cavities with MMFs. Spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML), a general form of mode-locking, can be achieved in such cavities. Herein, we review these two types of mode-locked lasers with MMFs. The principles of MMF-based SA and STML are described based on the common theory of multimode nonlinear fiber optics. Subsequently, we present a detailed overview of the recent progress regarding these lasers, including lasers mode-locked by MMF-based SAs at the 1-, 1.5-, and 2-μm bands, as well as spatiotemporal mode-locked MMF lasers. A perspective for the development of mode-locked lasers with MMFs is also provided.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University

The Key Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province

The Deanship Scientific Researchat King Abdulaziz University

Publisher

AIP Publishing

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy

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