Newly exploring the Lax pair, bilinear form, bilinear Bäcklund transformation through binary Bell polynomials, and analytical solutions for the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation

Abstract

The (2+1)-dimensional generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation describing the numerous wave dynamics in shallow waters is investigated in this study. The integrable characteristics of the aforesaid equation, such as a bilinear Bäcklund transformation and Lax pair, are revealed using the Bell polynomials method. First, using this technique, with the aid of Hirota operators, the bilinear form is constructed for the considered equation. In addition, the bilinear Bäcklund transformation and the Lax pair of the aforesaid equation are derived successfully using the bilinear form. Moreover, the bilinear form is also used to construct analytical solutions utilizing the three-wave approach with a test function. While using this method, numerous analytical solutions are derived, which are not presented in the literature. A three-dimensional graph has been plotted for each of the obtained results by giving the appropriate values of the free parameters. These plots reveal a wide variety of wave behavior, such as kink-soliton, periodic wave, anti-kink soliton, and complex periodic wave solutions.