Characterizing protein–surface and protein–nanoparticle conjugates: Activity, binding, and structure

Author:

Correira Joshua M.1ORCID,Handali Paul R.1ORCID,Webb Lauren J.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemistry, Texas Materials Institute, and Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. STOP A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA

Abstract

Many sensors and catalysts composed of proteins immobilized on inorganic materials have been reported over the past few decades. Despite some examples of functional protein–surface and protein–nanoparticle conjugates, thorough characterization of the biological–abiological interface at the heart of these materials and devices is often overlooked in lieu of demonstrating acceptable system performance. This has resulted in a focus on generating functioning protein-based devices without a concerted effort to develop reliable tools necessary to measure the fundamental properties of the bio–abio interface, such as surface concentration, biomolecular structure, and activity. In this Perspective, we discuss current methods used to characterize these critical properties of devices that operate by integrating a protein into both flat surfaces and nanoparticle materials. We highlight the advantages and drawbacks of each method as they relate to understanding the function of the protein–surface interface and explore the manner in which an informed understanding of this complex interaction leads directly to the advancement of protein-based materials and technology.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Life Sciences Division, Army Research Office

Welch Foundation

Publisher

AIP Publishing

Subject

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,General Physics and Astronomy

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