Superconducting quantum memory with a suspended coaxial resonator

Abstract

A promising way to store quantum information is by encoding it in the bosonic excitations of microwave resonators. This provides for long coherence times, low dephasing rates, as well as a hardware-efficient approach to quantum error correction. There are two main methods used to make superconducting microwave resonators: by traditionally machining them out of bulk material and by lithographically fabricating them on a chip in thin film. 3D resonators have few loss channels and larger mode volumes, and therefore smaller participations in the lossy parts, but it can be challenging to achieve high material quality. On-chip resonators can use low-loss thin films, but they confine the field more tightly, resulting in higher participations and additional loss channels from the dielectric substrate. In this work, we present a design in which a dielectric scaffold supports a thin-film conductor within a 3D package, thus combining the low surface participations of bulk-machined cavities with high quality and control over materials of thin-film circuits. By incorporating a separate chip containing a transmon qubit, we realize a quantum memory and measure single-photon lifetimes in excess of a millisecond. This hybrid 3D architecture has several advantages for scaling as it relaxes the importance of the package and permits modular construction with separately replaceable qubit and resonator devices.