Analysis of sea spray generation and distribution characteristics in vessels with different bow shapes

Abstract

The expansion of cold region shipping routes has gradually increased the navigation activities of various vessel types in these maritime areas. Vessels navigating through the cold region seas are prone to ice accretion due to the dual impact of low temperatures and marine environments, with atmospheric icing and sea spray icing being the primary types of ice accretion, and the latter accounting for 90%. The process of sea spray icing encompasses several stages, including the generation, flow, distribution, and heat transfer of sea spray. This study focuses on the conditions after the interaction of waves with different vessel bodies, analyzing the generation and distribution characteristics of sea spray. Employing the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method to simulate the force analysis of vessel bodies with different bow shapes interacting with waves, the generation form of sea spray is analyzed, exploring its generation height, inlet velocity, distribution characteristics, and flow rate. The research results reveal the rules of sea spray generation and distribution based on different vessel forms, providing valuable references for vessel design and ice forecasting. Furthermore, this research holds significant practical importance for anti-icing issues of vessel bodies and the safe operation of cold region shipping routes, contributing to the sustainable development of cold region routes.