Inverted conical methane/air flame shape transformation under acoustic excitation: Gravity impact

Abstract

In this paper it is shown that under certain conditions under reverse gravity, acoustics increase the stability of the flame in comparison with normal gravity. It is shown that there is a hysteresis in the V–M and M–V transitions under reverse gravity as well as under normal one. In contrast to normal gravity, the conditions for hysteresis degeneracy under reverse gravity are proven to be independent of the excitation frequency.