Magnetic monopole free motion in two-dimensional artificial spin ice

Author:

Duarte D. G.1ORCID,de Oliveira L. B.1,Nascimento F. S.2ORCID,Moura-Melo W. A.1ORCID,Pereira A. R.1ORCID,de Araujo C. I. L.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratório de Spintrônica e Nanomagnetismo, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa 1 , Viçosa, 36570-900 Minas Gerais, Brazil

2. Grupo de Física, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia 2 , 45300-000 Amargosa, Bahia, Brazil

Abstract

Magnetic monopole motion (without its partner in a pair) as a function of external magnetic fields is presented as a fingerprint of freedom of these emergent quasi-particles in a two-dimensional artificial spin ice material. Such freedom, required, for example, for further application in magnetricity, is only possible due to ground-state degeneracy, which causes an anisotropic string energy reduction in rectangular ice geometries, designed to allow highest equidistance among lateral and diagonal neighbor nanomagnets. By measurements of magnetic force microscopy, we observe magnetic monopole creation, transport, and annihilation in such an arrangement, where monopoles are free to move throughout large regions of the sample, since they are not permanently bound by the string bonds, as commonly observed in conventional artificial spin ice systems. Instead, monopoles leave a wake of elongated tensionless string, which is connected to superficial charges or charges pinned to the array borders.

Funder

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Publisher

AIP Publishing

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