1. V. J. Chapman, Seaweeds and Their Uses (The Camelot Press, London, 1970), pp. 35–50.
2. K. S. Bilgrami and L. C. Saha, A Textbook of Algae (CBS Publishers & Distributors, India, 1992), pp. 4–25.
3. I. Ahmad, Rumpai Laut Malaysia (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, 1995), pp. 25–30.
4. S. Surey-Gent and G. Morris, Seaweed A User’s Guide (Whittet Books Ltd, London, 1987), pp. 5–11.
5. Seaweed of the littoral zone at Cove Island in Long Island Sound: annual variation and impact of environmental factors