Observation of the rotational Doppler shift of a spinning object based on an acoustic vortex with a Fresnel-spiral zone plate

Abstract

It has been demonstrated that sound waves carrying orbital angular momentum undergo frequency modulation after being reflected by a rotating object. In this paper, we, observed the rotational Doppler shift phenomenon of the acoustic vortex in an underwater environment by using a Fresnel-spiral zone plate for the construction of the focused acoustic vortex with controllable topological charge. The positive and negative rotation speeds of the spinning object are precisely determined with the rotational frequency shift and the acoustic vortex's topological charge. The rotational Doppler effect of acoustic vortex provides a possibility to improve the detection and recognition accuracy of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles with propellers.