BioCARS: Synchrotron facility for probing structural dynamics of biological macromolecules

Author:

Henning Robert W.1ORCID,Kosheleva Irina1ORCID,Šrajer Vukica1ORCID,Kim In-Sik1ORCID,Zoellner Eric1,Ranganathan Rama1

Affiliation:

1. BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA

Abstract

A major goal in biomedical science is to move beyond static images of proteins and other biological macromolecules to the internal dynamics underlying their function. This level of study is necessary to understand how these molecules work and to engineer new functions and modulators of function. Stemming from a visionary commitment to this problem by Keith Moffat decades ago, a community of structural biologists has now enabled a set of x-ray scattering technologies for observing intramolecular dynamics in biological macromolecules at atomic resolution and over the broad range of timescales over which motions are functionally relevant. Many of these techniques are provided by BioCARS, a cutting-edge synchrotron radiation facility built under Moffat leadership and located at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. BioCARS enables experimental studies of molecular dynamics with time resolutions spanning from 100 ps to seconds and provides both time-resolved x-ray crystallography and small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering. Structural changes can be initiated by several methods—UV/Vis pumping with tunable picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses, substrate diffusion, and global perturbations, such as electric field and temperature jumps. Studies of dynamics typically involve subtle perturbations to molecular structures, requiring specialized computational techniques for data processing and interpretation. In this review, we present the challenges in experimental macromolecular dynamics and describe the current state of experimental capabilities at this facility. As Moffat imagined years ago, BioCARS is now positioned to catalyze the scientific community to make fundamental advances in understanding proteins and other complex biological macromolecules.

Funder

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Yes, funding has been received from NIH

Publisher

AIP Publishing

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