Cavity-dumping a single infrared pulse from a free-electron laser for two-color pump–probe experiments

Abstract

Electromagnetic radiation in the mid- to far-infrared spectral range represents an indispensable tool for the study of numerous types of collective excitations in solids and molecules. Short and intense pulses in this terahertz spectral range are, however, difficult to obtain. While wide wavelength-tunability is easily provided by free-electron lasers, the energies of individual pulses are relatively moderate, on the order of microjoules. Here, we demonstrate a setup that uses cavity-dumping of a free-electron laser to provide single, picosecond-long pulses in the mid- to far-infrared frequency range. The duration of the Fourier-limited pulses can be varied by cavity detuning, and their energy was shown to exceed 100 µJ. Using the aforementioned infrared pulse as a pump, we have realized a two-color pump–probe setup facilitating single-shot time-resolved imaging of magnetization dynamics. We demonstrate the capabilities of the setup first on thermally induced demagnetization and magnetic switching of a GdFeCo thin film and second by showing a single-shot time-resolved detection of resonant phononic switching of the magnetization in a magnetic garnet.