1. Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University 1 , New York, New York 10027, USA
2. Columbia Electrochemical Energy Center, Columbia University 2 , New York, New York 10027, USA
3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 3 , Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University 4 , New York, New York 10027, USA
5. School of Statistics, University of Minnesota 5 , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA