1. Engstrom PF, Clapper ML, Schnoll RA. Physiochemical Composition of Tobacco Smoke. In: Kufe DW, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, et al., editors. Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine. 6th edition.
2. Christensen, D. 6.3 Mechanism of action. In Scollo, MM and Winstanley, MH [editors]. Tobacco in Australia: Facts and issues. Melbourne: Cancer Council Victoria; 2018. Available from http://www.tobaccoinaustralia.org.au/chapter-6-addiction/6-3-mechanism-of-action
3. NIDA. "Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products DrugFacts." National Institute on Drug Abuse, 8 Jan. 2020, https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cigarettes-other-tobacco-products Accessed 1 Jan. 2021.
4. The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: a systematic review
5. Shihadeh, Alan et al. “Does switching to a tobacco-free waterpipe product reduce toxicant intake? A crossover study comparing CO, NO, PAH, volatile aldehydes, "tar" and nicotine yields.” Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association vol. 50