Magnetic field mapping along a NV-rich nanodiamond-doped fiber

Abstract

Integration of NV−-rich diamond with optical fibers enables guiding quantum information on the spin state of the NV− color center. Diamond-functionalized optical fiber sensors have been demonstrated with impressive sub-nanotesla magnetic field sensitivities over localized magnetic field sources, but their potential for distributed sensing remains unexplored. The volumetric incorporation of diamonds into the optical fiber core allows developing fibers sensitive to the magnetic field over their entire length. Theoretically, this makes distributed optical readout of small magnetic fields possible, but does not answer questions on the addressing of the spatial coordinate, i.e., the location of the field source, nor on the performance of a sensor where the NV− fluorescence is detected at one end, thereby integrating over color centers experiencing different field strength and microwave perturbation. Here, we demonstrate distributed magnetic field measurements using a step-index fiber with the optical core volumetrically functionalized with NV− diamonds. A microwave antenna on a translation stage is scanned along a 13 cm long section of a straight fiber. The NV− fluorescence is collected at the fiber's far end relative to the laser pump input end. Optically detected magnetic resonance spectra were recorded at the fiber output for every step of the antenna travel, revealing the magnetic field evolution along the fiber and indicating the magnetic field source location. The longitudinal distribution of the magnetic field along the fiber is detected with high accuracy. The simplicity of the demonstrated sensor would be useful for, e.g., magnetic-field mapping of photonics- and/or spintronics-based integrated circuits.