Synthesis of Catalyst-Free Carbon Nano Onions (CNOs) for Advanced Functional Materials

Abstract

Recent investigations in the development of nanomaterials show their compatibility with micro/macrocomposites. A little accumulation of nanomaterials in the matrix can boost the strength and other mechanical features prominently. Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) have become a suitable alternative as a participating fiber in polymer composites. It can maintain a uniform distribution and a higher aspect ratio even after insertion into the matrix due to its nanoscopic form. CNO nanocomposites are used in the fabrication of biomedical sensors, microelectronic and optical devices, light wave communication systems, etc. The 0D (zero-dimensional) CNOs are efficiently synthesized at low temperatures from wax (hydrocarbon source). This present methodology does not require any catalyst or pre-treatment with toxic chemicals. The use of an inexpensive biosource and a readily available hydrocarbon source with a simple domestic arrangement for the synthesis of 0D CNOs are presented. This chapter explains the essential details on the catalyst-free synthesis and functionalization of CNOs. Also, it aims to showcase the CNO's potential as a reinforcement agent in the epoxy matrix, which may improve its desirable material properties significantly. All this is possible by using a very low-cost fabrication methodology by a simple flame synthesis of hydrocarbon sources.