Lithography-free tailoring of thin-film nanomorphology for enhanced real-time refractive-index sensing with tunable resonance peaks in the visible spectrum

Author:

Lee Dohyeon1ORCID,Yang Younghwan1ORCID,Rho Junsuk12345ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 1 , Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea

2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 2 , Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea

3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 3 , Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea

4. POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics 4 , Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea

5. National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT) 5 , Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea

Abstract

The precise detection of target substances through refractive-index sensing is essential in various fields such as environmental monitoring, food assessment, and optical applications. This study demonstrates a real-time refractive index sensor based on a liquid-infiltrated metal-insulator-metal island (MIMi) structure in a lithography-free manner. In the MIMi structure, the top layer of the metal islands is formed through solid-state dewetting, which serves as an etching mask to form nanopillars in the insulator layer. This allows for the infiltration of external substances, resulting in different structural colors depending on the refractive index. This design results in a redshift of the resonance peak as the infiltrated refractive index increases. Furthermore, by adjusting the area fraction of the metal-island layer and etching depth of the insulator layer, the resonance-peak position can be controlled within the visible range according to the target refractive index. The advantages of our design are the use of cost-effective materials and the ability to implement scalable fabrication. Our proposed method offers a convenient method to sense the target refractive index in real time.

Funder

National Research Foundation of Korea

Hyundai Motor Group

POSCO

Samsung Electronics

Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology

Publisher

AIP Publishing

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