Hirota bilinear method and multi-soliton interaction of electrostatic waves driven by cubic nonlinearity in pair-ion–electron plasmas

Abstract

Multi-soliton interaction of nonlinear ion sound waves in a pair-ion–electron (PIE) plasma having non-Maxwellian electrons including Kappa, Cairns, and generalized two spectral index distribution functions is studied. To this end, a modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation is obtained to investigate the ion-acoustic waves in a PIE plasma at a critical plasma composition. The effects of temperature and density ratios and the non-Maxwellian electron velocity distributions on the overtaking interaction of solitons are explored in detail. The results reveal that both hump (positive peak) and dip (negative peak) solitons can propagate for the physical model under consideration. Two and three-soliton interactions are presented, and the novel features of interacting compressive and rarefactive solitons are highlighted. The present investigation may be useful in laboratory plasmas where PIE plasmas have been reported.