1. Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
2. Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0 020, Japan
3. Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
4. Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Materials Chemistry and Engineering Course, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0 812, Japan