Deterministic topological defects and quantum dot assembly in a nematic liquid crystalline medium

Abstract

Liquid crystal (LC) materials exhibit interesting electro-optic switching and molecular ordering properties. Furthermore, the addition of chemically compatible active emitters such as core-shell quantum dots (QD) in a LC medium allows optical as well as dielectric tuning in an anisotropic, reconfigurable ordered medium. Order in a nematic LC phase is characterized by an orientational order parameter. In this work, we demonstrate the use of patterned substrates to generate arrays of integer topological defects in a nematic LC medium doped with cadmium selenide (core) cadmium sulfide (shell) core–shell QDs. We demonstrate the formation of metastable air-pillar-induced integer topological defects (TDs) in relatively thinner 9  μm LC sandwich cells, and the formation of field-induced TDs in thicker (25  μm) cells. Simultaneously, the self-assembly of core-shell QDs into square arrays on the patterned substrates is discussed, highlighting potential electro-optic device applications. The surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is found to play a significant role in LC TD formation as well as QD spatial organization at the optimized concentration. Self-assembly and ordering of single- and multi-component LCs within structured devices is a highly relevant problem for modern optoelectronic devices. This work opens new possibilities for classical as well as quantum light sources which require spatially ordered optical emitters in a reconfigurable dielectric medium at a micron-scale.