Two-dimensional Thomson scattering measurements of misaligned electron density and temperature gradients and associated Biermann battery produced fields-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Two-dimensional Thomson scattering measurements of misaligned electron density and temperature gradients and associated Biermann battery produced fields

Published:2024-04-01 Issue:4 Volume:31 Page:
ISSN:1070-664X
Container-title:Physics of Plasmas
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Pilgram J. J.¹^ORCID,Constantin C. G.¹^ORCID,Zhang H.¹^ORCID,Tzeferacos P.²³^ORCID,Bachmann T. G.²^ORCID,Rovige L.¹^ORCID,Heuer P. V.³^ORCID,Adams M. B. P.⁴^ORCID,Ghazaryan S.¹^ORCID,Kaloyan M.¹^ORCID,Dorst R. S.¹^ORCID,Manuel M. J.-E⁵^ORCID,Niemann C.¹^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California—Los Angeles 1 , Los Angeles, California 90095, USA

2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester 2 , Rochester, New York 14627, USA

3. Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester 3 , Rochester, New York 14623, USA

4. Sandia National Laboratories 4 , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA

5. General Atomics 5 , San Diego, California 92127, USA

Abstract

We present optical Thomson scattering measurements of electron density and temperature in high Mach number laser-driven blast waves in homogeneous gases. Taylor–Sedov blast waves are launched in nitrogen (N2) or helium (He) at pressures between 0.4 mTorr and 10 Torr by ablating a solid plastic target with a high energy laser pulse (10 J, 1012 W/cm2). Experiments are performed at high repetition rate (1 Hz), which allows one-dimensional and two-dimensional Thomson scattering measurements over an area of several cm2 by automatically translating the scattering volume between shots. Electron temperature and density in the blast wave fronts were seen to increase with increasing background gas pressure. Measured electron density and temperature gradients were used to calculate ∂B/∂t∝∇Te×∇ne. The experimentally measured ∂B/∂t showed agreement with the magnetic field probe (B-dot) measurements, revealing that magnetic fields are generated in the observed blast waves via the Biermann battery effect. The results are compared to numerical three-dimensional collisional magnetohydrodynamic simulations performed with FLASH, and are discussed in the context of spontaneous magnetic field generation via the Biermann battery effect.

Funder

National Nuclear Security Administration

National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program

Defense Threat Reduction Agency

U.S. Department of Energy

University of Rochester

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority

Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific

Sandia National Laboratories

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Los Alamos National Laboratory

Publisher