1. American Welding Society,Welding Handbook(American Welding Society, New York, 1951), 3rd ed. pp. 421–448.
2. T. B. Jefferson,Welding Encyclopedia(McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1951), 13th ed., pp. 589–620.
3. B. E. Rossi,Welding Engineering(McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1954), pp. 204–263.