Controlled compositional gradients of electroformed gold and silver

Author:

McBride Michael1ORCID,Stull Jamie A.1ORCID,Dervishi Enkeleda1ORCID,Johnson Donald R.1ORCID,Hooks Daniel E.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. SIGMA-2: Finishing Manufacturing Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA

2. MPA-CINT: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA

Abstract

Motivated by an interest in high-pressure research, thick (>1 mm) compositionally graded gold/silver (Au/Ag) films were electroformed. Systematic studies were performed to understand the role of processing temperature on the nucleation and growth kinetics and associated microstructure. Furthermore, as the electrolyte composition is continuously changing during the experiment, systematic studies were performed to correlate electrochemical parameters with film morphology and composition. The results showed that the nucleation pathways and relative deposition rate of Au and Ag are heavily dependent on the processing temperature. A procedure to ramp the temperature while continuously pumping an Au electrolyte into an initial Ag electrolyte to produce the graded film is presented. The obtained film is comprised of a segment of pure Au followed by a complete compositional gradient and ending with a segment of pure Ag across 1.5 mm. The results presented here describe a general framework to fabricate gradients of other materials through electrodeposition.

Funder

U.S. Department of Energy

Publisher

AIP Publishing

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy

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