Generation of spatial combs digitized by orbital angular momentum

Abstract

Shaping the transverse spatial domain of light has been experiencing recent growth in attention for its applications in optical tweezing, microscopy, communications, and quantum information sciences. The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light is a transverse physical property that functions as a viable basis for many of such applications. While fields containing a single OAM mode order have extensively been used, fields containing a broad, discrete, and equally spaced OAM spectrum—an OAM comb—has largely been unexplored due to a lack of viable creation methods. Much like how frequency combs enabled myriad applications, it is conceivable that OAM combs would likewise enable further opportunities or expand upon single-OAM applications. For instance, an OAM comb may pave the way for more sophisticated particle manipulation, object detection, and pump shaping for high-dimensional spatial-mode entanglement. Here, we create four OAM combs with rectangular, sinusoidal, sinc, and Gaussian OAM spectral distributions using multiplane light conversion, which only involves phase modulations (hence is inherently lossless) and allows for improved tailoring of the spatial shape. The verification of such combs is done qualitatively by analyzing their propagation evolutions and quantitatively by employing a mode sorting technique—both exhibiting good agreement with user specifications and simulations. The scattering losses of all four combs were measured to be minimal, ranging from 0.66 to 1.04 dB.