Perspectives on the importance of complex systems in understanding our climate and climate change—The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021

Author:

Gupta Shraddha12ORCID,Mastrantonas Nikolaos34ORCID,Masoller Cristina5ORCID,Kurths Jürgen126ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)—Member of the Leibniz Association, Telegrafenberg A56, Potsdam 14473, Germany

2. Department of Physics, Humboldt University at Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, Berlin 12489, Germany

3. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, United Kingdom

4. Interdisciplinary Environmental Research Centre, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF), Brennhausgaße 14, 09599 Freiberg, Germany

5. Departament de Física, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Spain

6. Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhnij Novgorod 603950, Russia

Abstract

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 was awarded to Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi for their “groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex systems,” including major advances in the understanding of our climate and climate change. In this Perspective article, we review their key contributions and discuss their relevance in relation to the present understanding of our climate. We conclude by outlining some promising research directions and open questions in climate science.

Funder

HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions

Spanish Miniterio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Univesidades

Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats

Russian Ministry of Science and Education

Publisher

AIP Publishing

Subject

Applied Mathematics,General Physics and Astronomy,Mathematical Physics,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

Reference75 articles.

1. R. Russell, “Climate Models: Components and Evolution,” (2022), UCAR Office of Education and Outreach; see https://eo.ucar.edu/staff/rrussell/climate/modeling/climate_model_components_evolution.html (last accessed May 2, 2022).

2. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF); see https://www.ecmwf.int/ (2022).

3. XXXI.On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground

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