Dynamics of changes in the temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity of distilled water in conductometric cells during heating and cooling

Abstract

The problem of taking into account the influence of air on the properties of distilled water is considered, namely the lack of a single generally accepted method for calculating such an influence. The sensitivity of the structure of water to the influence of external factors is described and the possibility of recording and studying such factors by changes in the temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity of water is shown. The dependences of the temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity of distilled water on the rate of change in water temperature, the degree of filling of conductometric cells, as well as on the intensity of the exchange of carbon dioxide between water and air across their interface have been studied. It is noted that these metabolic processes are currently insufficiently studied. A hardware-software measuring complex has been developed and manufactured to study the temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity of water when its temperature changes within the range of 20–55 °C. The temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity of water in sealed conductometric cells was measured at different degrees of filling the cells with distilled water and the rate of heating and cooling of water. The degree of filling of the cells varied within the range of 10–100 %, the rate of change in water temperature varied within the range of 0.04–2.00 °C/min. With a constant heating and cooling time of 15 minutes in all experiments, the change in speed was achieved by changing the temperature of the heating element. The integral temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity is calculated based on the initial and final values of electrical conductivity and water temperature in each measurement cycle. The dependences of the temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity on the rate of change in water temperature at several constant degrees of cell filling were obtained. It has been shown that with a constant ratio of the volumes of water and air in the cell and an increase in the rate of heating of water, the temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity of water decreases by 19–22 %. It has been established that at a constant rate of water heating, with a decrease in the volume of water in the cell, the temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity of water decreases by 40–42 %. The results obtained can be used to quantify the dissociation coefficient of carbonic acid, the mobility of hydrogen ions, as well as the intensity of the gas exchange process under various external influences on water. Refinement of data on the electrical conductive properties of water and processes at the water/air interface is necessary for the development of models of atmospheric phenomena and climate change, as well as for the creation of sensors for weak changes in environmental parameters for the purposes of both environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics.