Measures to prevent the consequences of the development of arterial hypertension against the background of increased body weight

Abstract

Purpose: to evaluate the peculiarities of changes in the health of overweight people and to resolve a number of issues related to improving diagnostics and stratification of the degree of risk of developing arterial hypertension in them during an in-depth medical examination. Materials and methods. 30 adult patients, aged from 24 to 86 years оld, were examined, of which 15 were women and 15 were men. Among the anthropometric studies, the following were determined: height; weight; body mass index, which was calculated according to the formula (ratio of weight (kg) to height (square meters)); blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was determined using a tonometer; due to laboratory studies, the following was determined: creatinine (colorimetric determination method), cystatin-c and glomerular filtration rate (calculated method of determination) (all laboratory parameters were determined on an empty stomach and in the morning; the last food intake was 8 hours before blood sampling, water balance was allowed to be maintained before blood sampling). Statistical data processing was carried out using a software package, the relationship between quantitative indicators using Pearson’s correlation analysis (rs ). Statistical probability was assessed using the Student’s parametric t-test. The difference was considered probable with p<0.05. Result: A register of patients was created - adult men and women who were under the influence of excess weight, as a modified factor that is a trigger for the prevalence of such conditions as arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease. Anthropometric parameters were determined for the patients, and later they were directed to determine laboratory parameters: creatinine, cystatin-c and calculation of the glomerular filtration rate, which are predictors of kidney disease in hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, to exclude the renal origin of increased pressure. Prospective observations during the study found that 93.3% of patients were overweight and obese. A reliable relationship between quantitative indicators was also confirmed using Pearson’s correlation analysis (rs) between waist circumference and age (rs=0.55, p<0.002), height (rs=0.547, p<0.002), weight (rs=0.816, p<0.001), body mass index (rs=0.753, p<0.001), creatinine (rs=0.548, p<0.002); between glomerular filtration rate and age (rs=0.521, p<0.003), cystatin-c (rs=0.8163, p<0.001). This once again confirms that weight increases with age, body mass index, creatinine, cystatin-c and glomerular filtration rate decreases. Conclusion: The study found that 93.3% of respondents were overweight and obese, which can be considered a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease. With using Pearson correlation analysis, a reliable relationship was found between quantitative indicators: between waist circumference and age, height, weight, body mass index, creatinine and cystatin-c. It was determined, that cystatin-c is negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate in the absence of an increase in creatinine. Preventive measures, in order to prevent the development of risks of complications of hypertension, should be implemented by all examined persons without exception.