Endogenous intoxication in chronic pathology of pharynx in children

Abstract

A review of scientific Russian and foreign articles devoted to the development of endogenous intoxication in chronic inflammatory pathology of the lymphoepithelial pharyngeal ring is carried out. Chronic tonsillitis and adenoiditis in children are one of the unsolved issues in otorhinolaryngology. Chronic tonsillitis is a chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils characterized by recurrent exacerbations in the form of tonsillitis and a general toxic-allergic reaction. Adenoid vegetation is a pathological hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil. Chronic adenoiditis is a chronic polyetiologic disease, which is based on a violation of the physiological immune processes of the pharyngeal tonsil. In children, one cannot talk about an isolated inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil, since as a result of exposure to antigens, an immune response arises, which involves all structures of the lymphoepithelial pharyngeal ring in the process, therefore some authors distinguish the term «adenotonsillitis». With pronounced activation of microflora in the nasopharynx and oropharynx, the body’s resistance to pathogenic microorganisms decreases, as a result of which decay products and toxins damage the vascular endothelium, disrupt their permeability and, penetrating through the epithelial barrier, contribute to the development of chronic intoxication and sensitization of the body. Endogenous intoxication is a polyetiologic and polypathogenetic syndrome characterized by the accumulation of endogenous toxins in tissues and biological fluids. Diagnostics of the endogenous intoxication severity includes a number of clinical and laboratory indicators and immunological markers. But, despite the constant improvement of the research methods, the issue of endotoxicosis diagnosis in chronic tonsillitis and adenoiditis remains insufficiently studied. As a result of the inadequate diagnosis, there is often a simultaneous removal of the pharyngeal and palatine tonsils, which in turn can lead to irreversible consequences.