Influenza vaccination coverage and determinants of vaccination in peripheral arterial disease patients

Abstract

Summary: Background: In the latest American Heart Association guidelines, influenza vaccination is recommended for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The vaccination coverage in this specific population is currently unknown. This study aims to determine the adherence to influenza vaccination in a PAD population and identify associated determinants. Patients and methods. Hospitalized patients and outpatients with PAD from two university departments of vascular medicine were prospectively included. A questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic data, cardiovascular risk factors, influenza vaccination status, history of cardiovascular disease, and perception and knowledge about vaccination. Logistic regression was conducted to assess vaccination determinants. Results: Over a six-month period, 494 patients were included (median age 69.5, IQR [63–77], 78% male). Overall, 60.1% were either vaccinated or intended to be (Group 1). Vaccination was associated with age (odds-ratio [OR]=1.055, 95% confidence intervals [95%CI]: 1.035–1.075, p<0.0001), abdominal aorta aneurysm (OR=0.390, 95%CI: 0.229–0.664, p=0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR=0.545, 95%CI: 0.367–0.810, p=0.003), chronic renal disease (OR=0.630, 95%CI: 0.400–0.993, p=0.046), and valvulopathy (OR=2.444, 95%CI: 1.122–5.326, p=0.025). Only 25.3% received vaccination information mainly from their general practitioners. Among patients against vaccination, 59.9% considered themselves not concerned about potential influenza consequences on their PAD, and 37.6% did not intend to change their decision. Conclusions: This study highlights the low adherence to influenza vaccination in the PAD population of 2 university hospital centers. Vaccination is often related to age, and there is a need for adapted information regarding influenza consequences on cardiovascular disease overall, particularly on PAD. Addressing common information and advice about vaccination will be a challenge.