Affiliation:
1. Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Abstract
The effects of single subcutaneous injections (sc) of graded doses (20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 480 mumol/kg body weight (BW) of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) on day 8.5 of gestation on the outcome of pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. At dose levels of 20, 40, and 80 mumol/kg BW, neither RA nor RAG showed any adverse maternal or fetal effects. However, at dose levels of 160, 320, and 480 mumol/kg, RA was found to be much more toxic than RAG to both mother and fetus. Fetuses of animals receiving a 160 mumol/ kg BW dose of RA were significantly reduced in weight and length, while animals receiving the same dose of RAG had fetuses of normal size. RA doses of 320 and 480 mumol/ kg BW resulted in symptoms of maternal toxicity and even death. In contrast, RAG at these high levels produced no signs of maternal toxicity. RAG doses of 320 and 480 mumol/ kg BW were also less toxic to fetuses. RA doses of 320 mumol/kg BW resulted in only 8% live births, while animals treated with an equivalent amount of RAG experienced 95% live births. Animals receiving a dose of 480 mumol/kg BW of RA had no live births, but similar doses of RAG resulted in 28% live births and pups of normal size.
Subject
Nutrition and Dietetics,General Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Medicine (miscellaneous)
Cited by
6 articles.
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