Effects on Vitamin A Deficiency in Children of Periodic High-Dose Supplements and of Fortified Oil Promotion in a Deficient Area of the Philippines

Author:

Mason John B.1,Ramirez Maria A.2,Fernandez Chona M.2,Pedro Regina2,Lloren Tina1,Saldanha Lisa1,Deitchler Megan1,Eisele 1

Affiliation:

1. Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA

2. Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig City, Philippines

Abstract

Regular semi-annual distribution of high-dose (200,000 IU) vitamin A capsules (VACs) to children 1 - 5 years of age (previously identified as underweight), in Leyte Province, the Philippines, was compared to providing extra VACs to give three-monthly dosing, and to vitamin A-fortified cooking oil (VAFO) promotion (with continued VACs every 6 months). Serum retinol (SR) was measured at baseline and after 12 or 18 months (for VAFO). No sustained increase in SR was determined from the three-month VAC dosing regimen, and the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) as assessed by SR (< 20 mcg / dL) remained around 30 % (in line with national survey estimates over the previous 15 years). The major difference found was that 18 months of VAFO (of which 9 months had sustained promotion) was associated with reducing the prevalence of VAD to < 10 %. The effective fortification and lack of effect of semi-annual VAC results are in line with previous studies; testing with dosing of VAC every three months is a new intervention. The results imply that promotion of fortified oil would reduce VAD in these conditions; whether it can replace or needs to be added to semi-annual VAC dosing remains to be determined. A phased changeover to reliance on fortified commodities (including oil) with careful monitoring of VAD trends is indicated.

Publisher

Hogrefe Publishing Group

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,General Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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