Liquid intrusion and alternative methods for the characterization of macroporous materials (IUPAC Technical Report)

Author:

Rouquerol Jean1,Baron Gino2,Denoyel Renaud1,Giesche Herbert3,Groen Johan4,Klobes Peter5,Levitz Pierre6,Neimark Alexander V.7,Rigby Sean8,Skudas Romas9,Sing Kenneth10,Thommes Matthias11,Unger Klaus9

Affiliation:

1. 1LCP, CNRS-University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France

2. 2Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

3. 3NYSCC at Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA

4. 4Delft Solids Solutions B.V., Delft, The Netherlands

5. 5BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin, Germany

6. 6Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France

7. 7Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA

8. 8Bath University, Bath, UK

9. 9Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

10. 10Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK

11. 11Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL, USA

Abstract

This document deals with the characterization of porous materials having pore widths in the macropore range of 50 nm to 500 μm. In recent years, the development of advanced adsorbents and catalysts (e.g., monoliths having hierarchical pore networks) has brought about a renewed interest in macropore structures. Mercury intrusion–extrusion porosimetry is a well-established method, which is at present the most widely used for determining the macropore size distribution. However, because of the reservations raised by the use of mercury, it is now evident that the principles involved in the application of mercury porosimetry require reappraisal and that alternative methods are worth being listed and evaluated. The reliability of mercury porosimetry is discussed in the first part of the report along with the conditions required for its safe use. Other procedures for macropore size analysis, which are critically examined, include the intrusion of other non-wetting liquids and certain wetting liquids, capillary condensation, liquid permeation, imaging, and image analysis. The statistical reconstruction of porous materials and the use of macroporous reference materials (RMs) are also examined. Finally, the future of macropore analysis is discussed.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Subject

General Chemical Engineering,General Chemistry

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