Author:
Undheim K.,Efskind Jon,Hoven G. B.
Abstract
Cystine is regarded as a four-atom bridged bis(α-amino acid). The bridge between the two glycine moieties in cystine has been replaced with all-carbon C4-bridges between the α-carbon of the glycines. The products are dicarba analogs of cystine. Conformational constraints have been conferred on these molecules by insertion of cis- and trans- double bonds in the bridge, by alkylidene substituents, by insertion of a triple bond, by insertion of aromatic or heteroaromatic rings, or otherwise by ring formation. Particularly rigidified dicarba analogs of cystine have been prepared where the α-amino acid carbon is quaternary and part of tricyclic ring structures. Ru(II)-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactions have been widely used in the preparation of cyclic amino acids. Conformational constraints in acyclic structures result from substitution by simple alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl groups at the α-amino acid carbon in the formation of α-quaternary amino acid derivatives.
Subject
General Chemical Engineering,General Chemistry
Reference2 articles.
1. Shao Pure;Nutt;Appl Chem Org Chem Helv Chim Acta Org Chem Synlett Chem Abstr Tetrahedron Tetrahedron,1996
2. Kremminger Lombart and ( a Synthesis of Optically Active Amino Acids of Organic Chemistry Series ) Pergamon Oxford;Kwon;Med Chem Tetrahedron Lett Org Chem Acta Chem Scand Tetrahedron,1996
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