1. Professor, Department of Tourism, Recreation and Leisure Studies, National Dong Hwa University No.1, Sec. 2, Da-hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien 97401 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
2. Doctoral candidate, Department of Tourism, Recreation and Leisure Studies, National Dong Hwa University No.1, Sec. 2, Da-hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien 97401 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
3. Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism, Recreation and Leisure Studies, National Dong Hwa University No.1, Sec. 2, Da-hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien 97401 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
4. Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON Canada N2L 3G1