Early signs of disorders of cardiovascular biomechanics

Abstract

Aim a comprehensive study of disorders of the biomechanics of blood circulation for early diagnostics of atherosclerosis. Material and methods. The study included 120 people having one of the following risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: smoking, hypertension, Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. All subjects underwent computer-assisted rheopulmonography, rheovasography, apexcardiography, and direct sphygmography of the major arteries. The functioning of the heart, the arterial wall, the vascular bed of the pulmonary and systemic circulation was evaluated. Results. Smoking patients mainly had violations of the pulmonary circulation hemodynamics and the biomechanics of the arterial wall of the peripheral arteries due, obviously, to direct damage by nicotine. In patients with arterial hypertension, there was an increase in the work of the myocardium, obviously as a result of the formation of a hyperkinetic type of blood circulation in this disease. Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus were characterized primarily by the development of systolic-diastolic vascular dysfunction, which may be a predictor of the development of angiopathies in the future. In addition, the study of the kinetics of the major arteries revealed violations of the biomechanics of the wall of all vessels under study with risk factors for atherosclerosis. At the same time, it should be noted that more pronounced changes were found in the distal arteries of the muscular type than in the arteries of the muscular-elastic type, which is obviously associated with hemodynamic overloads experienced by peripheral vessels, both as a result of the hydraulic shock that occurs with hyperkinetic type of blood circulation, and the effect of hydrodynamic forces on the vessel wall under the influence of gravity. Conclusion. Each factor contributes to the development of disorders of cardiovascular biomechanics and hemodynamics. It is necessary to consider changes in the biomechanics of the heart and vascular bed as early manifestations of the circulatory system malfunction with present risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.