Automated robotic systems in surgical practice

Abstract

Relevance. The use of robotic systems has long gone beyond experimental medicine. Robotic surgery reduces errors and improves the quality of surgical operations. Purpose. Analysis of the results and feasibility of introducing robots into surgery. Materials and methods. An overview of the data presented in PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and eLIBRARY was performed. Main part of the article. The first robot created in 1983, Robodoc surgical assistant system, made it possible to select the size and type of orthopedic implant for hip replacement, to process the cavity for its installation. The Unimate Puma 560 robot, created in 1985, took a brain biopsy and made it easier to perform separate laparoscopic operations. In the late 1980s, the Probot system was designed, making it easier for urologists to perform intraoperative ultrasound scans and assess the size of the prostate gland. In 1993, the AESOP robotic arm was developed. The AESOP system assisted surgeons in laparoscopic operations, ensuring that the image of the operating field was displayed on the screen. The Da Vinci robotic complex was developed in 2000, its predecessor was an almost similar Zeus robotic system, which also allows for almost any type of surgical intervention. The Senhance robot surgeon may be a replacement for the Da Vinci in the near future due to the higher efficiency of system control and increased safety in operation, but it still requires studying its performance and resource expenditure. Conclusion. Today, robots are actively used in everyday surgical practice. More than 200 thousand operations per year are carried out annually using only the most popular robotic complex Da Vinci. Further development of robotics will significantly affect the improvement of the quality and accuracy of surgical interventions. Already, it allows you to reduce postoperative complications to almost zero.