The role of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in trigeminal neuralgia management and technical considerations

Abstract

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating condition characterized by severe facial pain, often refractory to medical therapy. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has emerged as a valuable therapeutic option for patients with TN, offering effective pain relief while minimizing the risk of complications associated with traditional surgical approaches. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of GKRS in the treatment of TN, focusing on its efficacy, safety, and technical considerations. We discuss the underlying pathophysiology of TN, its diagnosis, and the rationale for using GKRS as a non-invasive treatment modality. Additionally, we explore the technical aspects and protocols employed in GKRS for TN, including target delineation, radiation dose selection, and treatment planning strategies. We also examine the outcomes of GKRS in terms of pain relief, recurrence rates, and complications, drawing from the latest evidence in the literature. By synthesizing current knowledge and clinical experience, this review aims to provide insights into the optimal use of GKRS in the management of TN and guide clinicians in decision-making and patient care.