Erythema Multiforme: A Recent Update

Abstract

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute, self-healing inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder which presents with diverse spectrum of cutaneous lesions, hence termed “multiforme”. Oral lesions are quite characteristic and manifest as rapidly rupturing vesicles & bullae forming ill-defined erosions and hemorrhagic encrusted lip lesions. Wide variety of triggering factors for EM have been documented in the literature, but history of prior herpes simplex virus (HS) infection is most widely accepted. Most other cases are seen after the intake of certain medications. EM has been chiefly divided into two main forms- EM minor and EM major. Steven Johnson syndrome & Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell’s disease) are now considered as distinct clinical entities. EM has a self-limiting course and the lesions usually resolve within few weeks. Symptomatic management along with recognition and alteration of the alleged precipitating factors is usually sufficient in the majority of cases. However, in advanced lesions, steroid therapy may be helpful. This paper aims to present a recent update on Erythema Multiforme taking into account its etiopathogenesis, clinical and oral features, diagnostic aids and treatment protocols.