Affiliation:
1. 1Department of Pharmacology, Sri Padmavati Medical College for women, SVIMS, Tirupati-517507, India
2. 2Department of Pharmacology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi-110001, India.
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADR) can be manifested in different forms, among these cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are the commonest. They have been steadily gaining importance and constitute a major proportion of all ADRs. As available data on CADRs is very less, more research is required to have reliable data, hence the current study was undertaken. This prospective study was carried out to evaluate the age and gender distribution, presenting complaints, spectrum of CADRs, causative drugs, causality, severity, and outcomes in patients with or suspected CADRs attending the department of Dermatology of Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Foundation Hospital between January 2014 and June 2015. In cooperation with the Dermatologist, patients’ reactions were analyzed based on morphology, and laboratory investigations. Causality was assessed as per the World Health Organization- Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC)causality assessment scale. Modified Hartwig and Siegel Scale was used for the severity assessment of reactions. CADRs occurred most commonly in the 31-40 years age group (32%) with no sign of the difference in both sexes. The most common complaint of CADRs by the patients was skin rash (42%) anddiagnoses were Erythematous drug eruption (ERDE) and Fixed drug eruption (FDE) (28%). The commonest causative drug categories were antimicrobials (52%) and Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) (24%).Among antimicrobials, ciprofloxacin, and in NSAIDs, diclofenac were the commonest causative drugs. In causality, majority of the cases were under possible category(42%). Most of the reactions were mild (46%), and moderate (46%) in severity. The majority of the cases showed good recovery without any mortality or disability. The limitations of this study were the relatively small sample size, inability to confirm the particular causative drug in majority of the patients. Future research should focus on the genetic factors concerning to CADRs and molecular-level evaluation should be done for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of various ADRs.
Publisher
Oriental Scientific Publishing Company
Reference22 articles.
1. 1. WHO_EDM_QSM_2002.2[Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002 [cited 2022 Oct 17]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream /handle/10665/67378/WHO_EDM_QSM_2002.2.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
2. 2. Indian Medical Association [Internet]. India: Indian Medical Association;2022 [cited 2022 Jan 20]. Available from: https://www.ima-india.org/ima/left-side-bar.php?pid=210
3. 3. Anant K, Chaukimath SP, Ajit J, Leela H. A Study of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions; Clinical/Morphological Pattern & Causative Agents Reported in an ADR Monitoring Centre in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Karnataka. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal. 2020 Sep 25;13(3):1549-54.
4. 4. Sharma VK, Sethuraman G, Kumar B. Cutaneous adverse drug reactions: clinical pattern and causative agents–a 6-year series from Chandigarh, India. Journal of postgraduate medicine. 2001 Apr 1;47(2):95.
5. 5. Pudukadan D, Thappa DM. Adverse cutaneous drug reactions: clinical pattern and causative agents in a tertiary care center in South India. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology. 2004 Jan 1;70(1).