Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Profile of Diadema paucispinum from Sumenep-Madura, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Sea urchin shells contain pigment compounds, such as PHNQ, which vary based on habitat conditions. These pigments, especially in darker shells, display diverse chemical compounds and increased antioxidant power. Diadema paucispinum is a type of sea urchin found in Sumenep-Madura, Indonesia, which has yet to be extensively studied for its antioxidant potential. Aim: To identify the class of compounds present in the 96% ethanol extract of Diadema paucispinum (EEDP) from Sumenep-Madura, Indonesia, and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of this extract. Methods: The research utilized phytochemical screening for extracts, FTIR analysis of simplicia and extracts, and antioxidant tests with DPPH and ABTS. Results: The study identified the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin compounds in the extract. Antioxidant activity, determined by the IC50 value, was found to be 6084 µg/ml using the DPPH method and 756.3 µg/ml with the ABTS method, while IC50 of Vitamin C was 3,25 ppm with DPPH method and 2,09 ppm for ABTS method. Conclusion: According to the study's findings, Diadema paucispinum extract found in Sumenep-Madura contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The IC50 value of EEDP was more significant than 200 ppm, indicating that 96% EEDP sea urchin did not have antioxidant activity when compared to vitamin C as a standard compound.