Two-Pore Channels in Cancer Hallmarks: An Update Review

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most disastrous diseases that leads to a serious threat to millions of people’s health worldwide. Cancer is distinguished by multiple common criteria, known as the “cancer hallmarks" which calcium signaling has either direct or indirect correlation with each of them. An emerging body of evidence suggests that two-pore channels/calcium signaling machinery has a crucial role in the promotion of diverse aspects of cancer, particularly in several cancer hallmarks including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metastasis, and metabolic reprogramming. Recent findings linked two-pore channels/calcium signaling machinery with autophagy, chemoresistance, and patients' survival in cancer. The present review provides current findings on the roles of two-pore channels in cancer, particularly in several cancer hallmarks, autophagy, and chemoresistance. Furthermore, a specific focus on recent data concerning the two-pore channels antagonists and novel inhibitors is discussed. This review will furnish readers with a more in-depth understanding of the significance of two-pore channel calcium signalling in cancer and its potential as a druggable target for cancer therapy