The Prediction of Micro- and Macrovascular Complications in Individuals with T2DM with Different Risk Factors in Iraq

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious health problem that affects people all over the world and places a heavy financial and social burden on individuals, families, and communities. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the risk factors of T2DM and its relationship to micro- and macrovascular complications. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 1189 individuals with T2DM attending A Tertiary Endocrine Center. All patients’ data were gathered from direct interviewees and the digital records of the tertiary center, which used an internal network system and Microsoft Access program. Results: The mean age was 55.9 ±11.7 years, female 58%, body mass index 31.2 ±5.5 kg/m2, waist circumference 108±11.6 cm, mean duration of T2DM 10.1 ±7 years, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 9.6 ±2.1%. The prevalence risk factors were as follows smoking 27.3%, central obesity 84.3%, history of dyslipidemia 74.6%, family history of T2DM 64.9%, hypertension 63.5%, signs of insulin resistance (IR) 61.7%, gestational Diabetes (GDM) and History of cardiovascular diseases(CVD) 20.9%. These risk factors had a statistically significant impact on both macrovascular and microvascular T2DM. Conclusion: history of dyslipidemia and GDM were the most significant independent risk factors for the prediction of macrovascular complications among T2DM, while female gender, history of dyslipidemia, and GDM were independent risk factors for the prediction of microvascular complications among T2DM. Other risk factors including: History of CVD, hypertension, central obesity, duration of T2DM more than 5 years, estimated GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, and any signs of IR were significantly effect on both micro- and macrovascular complications, but as dependent risk factors to further cofounders.