Development of Analytical Technique for Extraction of Commonly used Antibiotics in River Yamuna Based on liquid-liquid extraction

Abstract

Concentration of pharmaceutical especially antibiotics in different ecosystems of environment is incredibly challenging. To enable quick, sensitive, and targeted determination at trace levels, designing of appropriate analytical methods is becoming important. Different techniques like liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have been used widely. One of the environment friendly technique, Liquid- liquid extraction (LLE) was used for the extraction of some commonly used antibiotics in different samples of river Yumana, because of its cheap and easy extraction procedure. To achieve the goal of extraction, variety of operational parameters were optimised, that are responsible for increasing the chromatographic resolution, sensitivity, and accuracy. LC-MS and LLE methodologies can be used as an essential tool for researchers for their efforts to quantitatively analyse antibiotics and other related emerging contaminants in the selected environmental samples.