Alkaloid, Phenolic Profiling and Biological Activities of Caralluma russeliana Methanol Extracts from Al Baha region, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The current work highlights the antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract of Caralluma russeliana and their alkaloids and phenolics composition by HPLC analysis. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of C. russeliana displayed that it quenched DPPH with IC50 119.17 μg/ml, ABTS with IC50 155.71 μg/ml, NO with IC50 223.40 μg/ml and H2O2 with IC50 184.40 μg/ml. Among the tested cell lines, hepatocellular (HepG2) and lung (A549) were the most sensitive cell lines towards the extract which significantly block proliferation with IC50 24.37 μg/mL and 26.84 μg/mL, respectively, and moderately active against HCT-116, skin A-431 and prostate PC-3 cells. Furthermore, the extract was active against the bacterial strains and inactive against the tested fungal strains and showed MIC 3300 μg/mL and 1666.66 μg/mL against S. aureus and P. vulgaris, respectively in antimicrobial assay. The identified alkaloids and phenolic constituents by HPLC such as berberine, camptothecin, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechol and cycloclavine are known to exert antimicrobial and anticancer effect triggered by oxidative stress through different mechanisms.