Analysis of GC-MS from Acetone Extract of Canarium odontophyllum Miq Stem Bark (Dabai)

Abstract

Canarium odontophyllum or dabai is a natural plant found along the river banks of the Sarikei, Kapit and Kanowit in Sarawak and it comes from the 'Burseraceae' family. C. odontophyllum also known as 'dabai' and this dabai fruit is eaten by the community in Sarawak. The fruit is a seasonal natural fruit that is less used because of its short lifespan. A few studies show that acetone extract of Canarium odontophyllum stem bark (dabai) exhibit antiproliferative and cytotoxicity effect on cancer colorectal cells. However, there is currently no analysis of bioactive compounds in acetone extract of Canarium odontophyllum stem bark (dabai). The various bioactive compounds detected in acetone extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 24 phytoconstituents were detected in this acetone extract. It was found that major peaks represented bicyclo [3.1.0] hex-2-ene,2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-, bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane,4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-, alpha cubebene, 1H cyclopenta [1,3] cyclopropa [1,2] benzene, octahydro-7-methyl-3-methylene-4-(1-methylethyl)-,[3aS-(3a.alpha., 3b.beta., 4.beta., 7.alpha., 7aS*)]-, phenol,2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, spathulenol, copaene, 9-Eicosene, (E)-, hexadecane, 5-Octadecene, (E)-, hexadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-, nonadecane, n-Hexadecanoic acid, heptacosane, 1-chloro-, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester, octadecanoic acid, 10-Heneicosene (c,t), heptafluorobutyric acid, hexadecyl ester, dehydroabietic acid, phenol, 2,4-bis(1-phenylethyl)-, beta sitosterol, beta-amyrin and alpha-amyrin. The highest peak area (%) for this acetone extract is alpha-amyrin (16.6644%) followed by beta-amyrin (4.6159%), beta sitosterol (3.3369%) and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (3.2045%). In conclusion, various bioactive compounds detected in acetone extract of Canarium odontophyllum stem bark (dabai) were demonstrated various medicinal properties while alpha and beta-amyrin may be responsible for the cytotoxicity and apoptotic effect against HCT 116 cell.