The Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects of Gambier Catechin (Uncaria gambir Roxb) in Streptococcal Gingivitis: A Review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Oral health is very important for general health and well-being. Oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis are common throughout the world. Periodontal is the main cause of tooth loss in adults. This disorder begins with gingivitis (swelling of the gums due to plaque), which, if left untreated, will result in periodontitis or infection that can destroy the teeth and surrounding tissue. The current management of this disease is to give analgesia and antibiotics, but early prevention and treatment are needed, one of them by using toothpaste. AIMS: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Gambier catechin as a preventive approach for streptococcal gingivitis. METHODS: The research design used is a literature review study conducted from preclinical and clinical studies extracted from indexed international journals. Studies from 2012 to 2022 in English and related to the keywords are reviewed and synthesized. RESULTS: The pathophysiology of the majority of gingivitis is related to inadequate cleaning of the oral cavity, which leads to the accumulation of plaque and bacteria. Catechins from Gambier also have a stronger capacity as antioxidants. Preclinical studies stated that Gambier has a strong potential for antioxidants. Catechins have stronger antioxidant capabilities than vitamins C and E. Catechins from Gambier also have a stronger capacity as antioxidants than vitamin E. Gambier catechin contains polyphenolic compounds that have antibacterial activity so that they can inhibit the formation of dental plaque. The catechin compound as an antibacterial has two properties, namely being able to inhibit (bacteriostatic) and kill (bacteria) the growth of bacteria. CONCLUSION: Gambier catechin has antioxidant and antibacterial effects and has potential for treating streptococcal gingivitis.