The Survival Probability of Covid-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus during Pandemic at Al Ihsan Hospital, West Java Province, Indonesia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the population causes DM to become one of the most common comorbidities of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients with diabetes have a higher risk of experiencing serious complications from COVID-19 and even death. AIM: This study was aimed to determine the difference in survival probability of COVID-19 patients, based on their DM status and to determine the association between type 2 DM and COVID-19 mortality at Al Ihsan Hospital, West Java Province, Indonesia. METHODS: The population of this retrospective cohort study were COVID-19 patients, aged ≥18 years and were treated at Al Ihsan Hospital, from March 2020 to December 31, 2021. Differences in survival probability were obtained from survival analysis with Kaplan–Meier. Cox Proportional Hazard regression was used to determine the association between type 2 DM and COVID-19 mortality. RESULTS: Totally, 308 confirmed positive COVID-19 patients were recruited in this study. During the 21 days of observation, survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 DM was significantly lower than those without type 2 DM (71.24% vs. 84.13% respectively, with p = 0.0056). There was a statistically significant association between type 2 DM and COVID-19 mortality after controlling for age, cough symptoms, acute respiratory distress syndrome, vaccination, chronic kidney disease, ventilator use, antiviral therapy, and the percentage of bed occupation rate COVID-19 isolation at admission. The adjusted hazard ratio showing association between type 2 DM and COVID-19 mortality in the final model of multivariate analysis was 2.68 (95% CI 1.24–5.73). CONCLUSIONS: The survival probability of COVID-19 patients with type 2 DM was significantly lower than those without type 2 DM. COVID-19 patients with DM in Al Ihsan Hospital were almost 3 times more likely to be fatal as compared COVID-19 patients without DM.